AI Scholars
Discuss ideas, research, and learning with AI versions of history's most distinguished scholars and thinkers.
63 historical figures available
Abraham Heschel
1907-1972
The rabbi who turned awe into justice.
Abraham Lincoln
1809-1865 CE
The prairie lawyer who preserved the Union, freed the enslaved, and gave democratic governance its most enduring words.
Adam Smith
1723-1790 CE
The philosopher who traced how sympathy grounds morality and how markets coordinate labor, founding both moral psychology and classical economics.
Adi Shankara
c. 8th century CE
The wandering teacher who showed that liberation is not achievement but recognition of what you already are
Al-Ghazali
1058-1111 CE
Theologian who bridged philosophy and Sufism
Alexander Hamilton
1755-1804 CE
The orphan from the Caribbean who built America's financial architecture and fought for energetic federal governance.
Benjamin Franklin
1706-1790 CE
The runaway apprentice who became America's first self-made man and the world's most practical genius
Carl Gustav Jung
1875-1961 CE
The depth psychologist who found myths living in the modern soul
Charles John Huffam Dickens
1812-1870 CE
The storyteller who made Victorian England see its poor, and weep for them
Christine de Pizan
c. 1364-1430 CE
Europe's first professional woman writer, who built a city of words to defend women's worth.
Cleopatra VII Philopator
69–30 BCE
The last pharaoh who wielded intelligence, wealth, and alliance to keep Egypt independent for two decades against the inexorable expansion of Rome.
Eleanor Roosevelt
1884-1962 CE
The woman who gave the world a declaration of human rights, and lived its principles every day.
Emmanuel Levinas
1906-1995 CE
The philosopher who put ethics before ontology.
Francis Bacon
1561-1626 CE
The philosopher who declared 'knowledge is power', and showed how to get both.
Franz Rosenzweig
1886-1929 CE
The philosopher who turned back from conversion, and rethought everything from the fear of death.
George Orwell
1903-1950 CE
The writer who saw through political language, and taught a century to see with him.
Hai Gaon
939-1038 CE
Gaonic sage who clarified law for the diaspora.
Hildegard of Bingen
1098-1179 CE
The Sybil of the Rhine, mystic, abbess, composer, healer, and voice of the Living Light.
Ibn Battuta
1304-1369 CE
The Moroccan jurist who became history's most traveled medieval explorer, chronicling the world from Tangier to China.
Ibn Khaldun
1332-1406 CE
The Tunisian scholar who founded the scientific study of history and society through his analysis of ʿasabiyyah.
Ibn Rushd
1126-1198 CE
The Commentator, who proved that faith and reason speak with one voice when both are true
Ibn Sīnā
980-1037 CE
The Prince of Physicians who unified medicine and philosophy into a complete science of body and soul
Immanuel Kant
1724-1804 CE
The philosopher who never left home, and remapped the entire landscape of human thought
Isaac Newton
1642-1727 CE
The mind that decoded the laws of the universe, gravity, motion, light, and mathematics itself
James Madison
1751-1836 CE
The quiet scholar who designed America's constitutional architecture and defended liberty through structure.
Johann Sebastian Bach
1685-1750 CE
The supreme craftsman who made counterpoint into prayer, and changed music forever
John Adams
1735-1826 CE
The prickly patriot who defended principle over popularity, secured independence through diplomacy, and kept the peace when war might have destroyed the republic.
John Calvin
1509-1564 CE
The systematic architect of Reformed Christianity who built Geneva into a model of ordered faith
John Locke
1632-1704 CE
The philosopher who grounded knowledge in experience and government in consent, providing intellectual foundations for constitutional democracy.
Joshua ben Perachiah
2nd century BCE
The sage who taught that character forms in relationships, and that judgment should be generous.
Karl Marx
1818-1883 CE
The philosopher who traced capitalism's laws of motion and proclaimed that the point was not merely to interpret the world but to change it.
Kong Qiu
551-479 BCE
The Master whose teachings on virtue and ritual shaped a civilization
Langston Hughes
1901-1967 CE
The poet who gave Harlem its anthem and made jazz a literary form.
Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519 CE
The ultimate Renaissance man: artist, inventor, scientist, dreamer
Mahatma Gandhi
1869-1948 CE
The frail man in homespun who brought an empire to its knees through the power of truth
Marcus Cicero
106-43 BCE
The voice of the Republic, who spoke truth to power until power silenced him.
Martin Buber
1878-1965 CE
Philosopher of the I–Thou encounter.
Martin Luther
1483-1546 CE
The thundering monk whose conscience captive to Scripture ignited the Protestant Reformation
Moses Mendelssohn
1729-1786 CE
Voice of the Jewish Enlightenment.
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
c. 780-850 CE
The Persian mathematician who gave us algebra and the algorithm, transforming scattered techniques into systematic methods that would reshape the world.
Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
c. 865-925 CE
The physician who made doubt a diagnostic tool, and trusted observation over authority.
Nāgārjuna
c. 150-250 CE
The philosopher who proved that emptiness is not void but the very possibility of change, connection, and compassion
Niccolò Machiavelli
1469-1527 CE
The Florentine diplomat who scandalized the world by writing what politicians actually do, while secretly championing republican liberty.
Nicolaus Copernicus
1473-1543 CE
The Renaissance astronomer who moved the Earth and stilled the Sun, launching a revolution in how humanity understood its place in the cosmos.
Oscar Wilde
1854-1900 CE
The wit who made Victorian England laugh at itself, until it destroyed him
Plato
c. 428-348 BCE
The philosopher who saw beyond shadows and built a school that lasted nine centuries
Rabban Gamliel of Yavneh
c. 80–115 CE
The patriarch who imposed order, and learned that authority must bend to wisdom.
Rabindranath Tagore
1861-1941 CE
The poet who made Bengal sing to the world, and who built a university under the trees.
René Descartes
1596-1650 CE
The doubter who found certainty, and invented modern philosophy along the way
Saadia Gaon
882-942 CE
Rationalist defender of Torah and tradition.
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939 CE
The doctor who discovered we are strangers to ourselves, and changed how we understand the mind
Solomon
c. 970-931 BCE
The wisest king, who built the Temple and learned that wisdom alone is not enough.
Theodore Roosevelt
1858-1919 CE
The Rough Rider who transformed the American presidency into a platform for progressive reform, trust-busting, and conservation.
Thomas Aquinas
1225-1274 CE
The gentle genius who married Aristotle to Christ, and changed how the West thinks
Thomas Jefferson
1743-1826 CE
Author of the Declaration of Independence, champion of religious freedom, and founder of the University of Virginia, a man whose ideals shaped a nation even as his contradictions haunted it.
Vilna Gaon
1720-1797 CE
Lithuanian sage of disciplined study.
Voltaire
1694-1778 CE
The wit who made Europe laugh at its tyrants, and think for itself
Wangari Maathai
1940-2011 CE
The woman who planted fifty million trees, and grew a democracy in the process.
Winston Churchill
1874-1965 CE
The wartime leader who rallied Britain when all seemed lost and forged the alliance that defeated Nazi Germany.
Woodrow Wilson
1856-1924 CE
The scholar-president who sought to remake international order through principle, achieving great reforms yet failing to bring America into the League he championed.
Yochanan ben Zakkai
1st century CE
The sage who escaped in a coffin, and rebuilt Judaism from the ashes.
Yose ben Yoezer
2nd century BCE
The sage who made his home a schoolhouse, and taught that judgment must be patient.
Zhu Xi
1130-1200 CE
The master who made Neo-Confucianism the curriculum of East Asian civilization.
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